The goal is to achieve happiness and avoid pain. He believed that the self-rewarding value of taking action comes from how a person feels, the duration of his action, the certainty, the results that follow after taking an action, the benefits, and the avoidance of any form of negative outcome. Utility methods describe the meaning of moral obligation. This is happiness for all who are affected by the action taken. Bentham indicates that social policies are analyzed by their effectiveness on the general population involved. However, Mills's utilitarianism about moral theory is an extension of Bentham's view. He suggested some improvements to Bentham's structure, meaning, and application (Pages of Philosophy,