Proponents argue that student retention takes an emotional toll on students, leading to negative feelings about school and low self-esteem (Lynch 295). Some also argue that it increases the dropout rate because students feel defamed (Lynch 295). Social promotion also saves time and resources for the school system. Texas, for example, spent over $2 billion to educate the 202,099 students retained during the 2006-2007 school year (Lynch 295). Supporters say these additional costs are too costly for school systems, as is social advancement