The father of quantitative analysis, René Descartes, thought that to know and understand something, you need to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research uses two main types of sampling, probability and purposive. Probability sampling occurs when there is an equal probability that someone within the study population will be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmark is used to replace the discrepancy between errors. Primary data collection comes from standardized tests or questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed observation protocols. Secondary means of data collection include official documents. In this study, data are analyzed to test one or more stated hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyzes are the two types of data analysis used and go from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is interpretation of the data, and the goal is to make meaning of the results relative to the hypothesis from which the theory was derived. The data interpretation techniques used are generalization, guided theory and theory interpretation (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring the findings together and place them in the context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; significance of the results and limitations of the study. In conclusion we want to conclude the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies… half of the paper… and Hamilton, G. A. (2010). The long-term lived experience of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. MEDSURG Nursing, 19(2), 113-119. Gelo, O., Braakmann, D., & Benetka, G. (2008). Quantitative and qualitative research: beyond the debate. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, 42(3), 266-290. doi:10.1007/s12124-008-9078-3Kover, A. J. (2008). Which vs how much... again!. International Journal Of Advertising, 27(4), 663-665.Pipe, T.B., Kelly, A., LeBrun, G., Schmidt, D., Atherton, P., & Robinson, C. (2008). A prospective descriptive study exploring hope, spiritual well-being, and quality of life in hospitalized patients. MEDSURG Nursing, 17(4), 247-253. Shah, S. K., & Corley, K. G. (2006). Building better theory by bridging the quantitative-qualitative gap. Journal of Management Studies, 43(8), 1821-1835. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00662.x
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