1. DescriptionIn this article I will explore in detail the gender biases of structural adjustment programs (SAPs). First, I will provide an in-depth overview and background information on structural adjustment programs. Second, the research will also examine and highlight the factors that influence the adoption of structural adjustment programs. Additionally, the essay will briefly elaborate on the term gender and what constitutes gender bias. Furthermore, I will seek to assess the gender impact of implementing conditionalities of the Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) as stipulated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB). 1.1 Introduction Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) were neoliberal policies supported by the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for implementation in developing countries. The political consequences are still a controversial issue and the mere mention of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) can provoke heated debate. The effects of structural adjustment programs are extensive and vast, and debates about their impacts still stand the test of time. Although the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) was considered by analysts in some countries to be a success story mainly due to its regulatory role in public service reform (Jayarayah Cral, Barson William 1995) and the fact that the SAP worked, but improper evaluation distorted the reality (P. Thandika Mkandawire, Charles Chukwuma Soludo 2003). It is also widely criticized by other critics for its negative effects on, for example, agriculture; substantial expansion of aggregate agricultural production and exports is unrealistic in the short and long term, even if all components are present at the state.... .. in the middle of the paper ...... ton of wood institutions , namely the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The triumph of Western liberal democracy and market economy represented a turning point in world history. The new agenda was a transformation of global political economies around the world into alignment with the Western system through democracy and market liberalization. The Marxian-oriented authors had argued, using dependency theories, that the structural adjustment programs (SAP) were not a consequence of the financial activities of "petrodollar laundering" by Western commercial banks and the cumbersome "odious debt" owed from developing countries, but rather a rare opportunity to open up third world economies that have so far pursued protectionist policies. Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) were therefore one of the last activities under the growing influence of capitalism and neoliberalism.