Introduction:South Africa is located at the southern tip of Africa (hence the name) and covers an area of ​​1,219,912 km². South Africa has a long and interesting history with racism and apartheid, but when you learn more about South Africa you will be surprised at how amazing this country is. I would definitely love to live or travel there because of its beautiful landscapes and culture. Demographic issues: South Africa has a population of 48 million and approximately 12% (5.7 million) of them suffer from HIV. HIV has grown rapidly over the past two decades, more than any other country in the world. This is increasing the death rate by 31% in South Africa. HIV cannot be cured from any person who has it, but it can be prevented from being transmitted to another person by not having sexual interaction with an HIV-positive person. South Africa's population continues to grow rapidly due to high birth rates and immigration (the population growth rate is 1.34% and is expected to increase in the future). Another big problem in South Africa is unemployment. South Africa has one of the worst youth unemployment problems in the world, with around half of the population expected to be unemployed in the future. what they can do to solve this problem is to teach young people properly so that they can grow up and find jobs, they should also increase the amount of jobs available in every way possible, for example: removing machines from work to allow for more human work workers. HIV has also affected the expectancy rate in South Africa, making it one of the lowest in the world (50) in 2010, but now the expectancy rate has risen to 58, which is still low. To increase the expectancy rate they should build more hospitals and improve ... half of the document ...... available at: http://www.neontommy.com/news/2010/11/world-aids -day-who -has-hiv-south-africa [Accessed: 14 January 2014].news.bbc.co.uk. (2014). BBC News | science/nature | Global water stress map details. [online] Retrieved from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5269296.stm [Accessed: 4 January 2014]. Nationmaster.com. 2014. NationMaster - Military Statistics: Canada vs South Africa. [online] Available at: http://www.nationmaster.com/compare/Canada/South-Africa/Military [Accessed: 13 January 2014].Randwater.co.za. (2014). Water pollution. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.randwater.co.za/CorporateResponsibility/WWE/Pages/WaterPollution.aspx [Accessed: 4 January 2014].WWF. (2014). Environmental problems in South Africa. [online] Retrieved from: http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/south_africa/environmental_problems__in_south_africa/ [Accessed: 4 January 2014].