Index1. Introduction2. The development of writing systems2.1 Non-phonological systems2.1.1. Rock paintings2.1.2. Pictographic2.1.3. Ideographic2.2 Phonological systems2.2.1. Logographic2.2.2. Sumerian writing2.2.3. Syllabars2.2.4. Alphabets3. Conclusion4. Appendix5. Reference1. IntroductionThe purpose of this report is to define the history of writing, how the writing system has changed through the development of human society.2. The Development of Writing Systems According to a series of evidences discovered by archaeologists in many countries around the world, writing is said to have existed for a long time and continuously develops with the flow of time. At first, the symbols in writing systems have no relation to the sound of the language called non-phonological systems (Crystal, 1986)2.1. Non-phonological systemsThese writing systems only provided the image of the entities that people wanted to mention but did not contain any linguistic elements.2.1.1. Cave PaintingsIn the Stone Age, prehistoric man began to draw paintings of the livestock he owned, his tools of work or the activities of daily life on rock faces around 36,000 BC (Website of Sally Gentieu Welch, undated) . These images were considered the first form of writing.2.1.2. Pictographic Subsequently, the writing system developed with the appearance of pictographic (other names: pictographs or pictograms) in which basic objects and ideas were drawn on rocks imprecisely but still sufficiently clear and easy enough to recognize. However, the pictograms were ambiguous and it is difficult for people nowadays to decipher them correctly. At that time, pictographs only had images but no sound (Cryrtal, 1986 and The Evolution of Type website, undated). According to O'Gray, Dobrovolsky and Katamba in Contemporary Linguistics, Longman (1996), pictograms with images are still used in modern society in traffic signs or in instructions for using machines. In fact, this is an easy way to understand them.2.1.3. IdeographicImages are also considered as a development of pictographic, ideographic or ideograms. Instead of being the image of the shape of a specific thing, ideograms are the pictorial symbols of the objects of the concepts that are used as an agreement or custom of people. For example, if they want to mention the forest, they draw three trees and everyone will know that the image means “Forest” (The Evolution of the Website Type, undated)2.2. Phonological systemsWriting systems have a great evolution when pronunciation is added.