When considering gender and sex, a layperson's idea of ​​these terms may be very different from that of a sociologist. There is an important distinction: sex, in terms of “male” or “female,” represents purely physical and biological characteristic differences – primarily anatomical differences. (There are also rare cases of “intersex” individuals, as highlighted in Navarro's article, “When Gender Isn't a Given.”) Gender, on the other hand, is an often misunderstood concept and commonly mistaken for synonymous with sex. A non-sociologist might assume the following: “men behave in a masculine manner and women in a feminine manner, so it follows that gender is inherent in sex”, however, this is not necessarily the case. Biological factors (sex) and gender are related, but gender may or may not be caused by biological factors. Cherlin proposes four models of how gender is created: the biosocial model, the socialization model, the interactionist model, and the patriarchal model. Only the first model, the “biosocial” model, allows heredity and biological factors to play a role in determining gender. This model is based on the idea that biologically men and women are predisposed to act a certain way “on average,” but also that social factors play an important role in determining whether biological tendencies prevail. According to this theory, biological differences account for only about a quarter of gender behavioral differences while social influences account for the remainder. Socialized traits are stronger than biological traits and can eliminate biological traits, but biological tendencies are still important because it is a challenge for socialized traits to subdue biological traits. A good example of this is outlined in Ke...... half of the paper ...... does not exist if gender roles are perpetuated, but I don't think gender roles are as fragile as this model assumes . Finally, the patriarchal model is the least convincing for me. There are two reasons: First, even in non-male-dominated social structures, such as socialist and communist societies, women still have different gender roles. Second, I may be wrong in this perception, but even if this model were correct, patriarchy is a reinforcer of socialization and could be included in any biosocial, socialization, or interactionist model as a factor in socialization. Isolating this factor in a separate model seems misandristic. In summary, it is important to understand all the models and deal with them. After all, people need to ask why gender roles differ and ask whether current gender roles are right, in order to improve the current structure..