Topic > Euthyphro Dialogue - 1488

In the Euthyphro dialogue (Cahn and Markie), Plato presents an argument against the metaethical theory of divine command. While the argument is presented against the predominantly pantheistic Greek religions, the argument can easily be applied to the monotheistic Abrahamic religions. The dialogue begins with the two main characters: Euthyphro and Socrates. Socrates has been indicted for corrupting the youth of Athens and Euthyphro is accusing his father of killing a day laborer who had killed one of his servants through negligence. Socrates recognizes that Euthyphro must be very knowledgeable about the issues of piety and holiness that are an integral part of the Greek judicial system and that by learning from Euthyphro, Socrates may be better able to defend himself against the charges against him. Using the Socratic Method, the two characters arrive at a series of definitions of what is sacred. Since the first two definitions involve the pantheistic nature of their religion, they are irrelevant to the argument used against the metaethical value of the Abrahamic religions, but the third raises what is commonly known as the Euthyphro dilemma. The third definition of holiness presented by Euthyphro to Socrates is that what is holy is what is loved by the gods and what is hated by the gods is impious. Socrates uses a linguistic argument to suggest that something in the state of being loved is in that state because something loves it, but that we love things because they possess some quality that makes them worthy of being loved. Then the dilemma is whether God loves something because holiness is one of the characteristics it possesses or whether it is holy because it is loved by God. Socrates presupposes that all gods love something because I... middle of paper... nor neither good nor evil seems wrong to us. This is because, as the center of our ethical system, God represents perfection and what humanity should achieve. People simply want to be good, and to be good is to become more like God, a central idea in numerous religions. These answers derive largely from Christianity, but are similar to those developed by religions around the world. They provide answers to Euthyphro's dilemma based on intuition and the desire of most people to be considered good people rather than looking for answers in logic as Plato did. Religion provides a simple and clear path to being a good person. Works Cited Thomas Aquinas. "Summa Theologica". 2006. Project Gutenberg. .Cahn, Steven M. and Peter Markie, Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary Issues. 4th edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.