Historical Issues: Exxon Mobile always comes under a lot of criticism. When the company makes a mistake, it affects humans, wildlife and agriculture. Exxon Mobile has two main types of spills: oil spills and pollution spills. According to Shogren, polluting spills are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These VOCs contribute to smog and have serious health side effects. Exxon has had many oil spills and VOCs. One of the largest oil spills attributed to Exxon was the Valdez oil tanker accident off the coast of Alaska in 1989. The tanker was carrying 53 million gallons of crude oil, and within hours of the accident, 11 million gallons spilled spilled onto the coast ("25 Years Later, Effects of Exxon Valdez Spills Linger"). The article “25 Years Later, Effects of Exxon Valdez Spills Linger” states that most wildlife has recovered, but some species are still struggling to survive. The next major spill for Exxon was the Brooklyn oil spill in 2007. According to the article "ExxonMobil Oil Spill", many parties were involved in this spill. Exxon Mobile, Chevron/Texaco and BP were the main parties involved. According to "ExxonMobil Oil Spill," researchers estimate that 17 to 30 million gallons of oil have leaked into Greenpoint's soils and aquifers since the early 1950s. Other spills for which Exxon is responsible and which have caused serious environmental consequences include: • The Baton Rouge refinery pipeline oil spill dumped 80,000 gallons into rivers in Point Coupee Parish • The Yellowstone River spill in July 2011 caused dumped 1,000 barrels of oil into river • Mayflower oil The March 2013 spill caused the loss of 12,000 barrels of oil at the Pegasus pipeline in Arkansas. A major VOC release was the benzene leak from Exxon's Baton Rouge refinery. In June 2013, the company r...... middle of paper ......compliance costs or reduce or delay available commercial opportunities (including changes in laws relating to offshore drilling operations, the use water or hydraulic fracturing);• adopting regulations requiring the use of alternative fuels or non-competitive fuel components;• adopting government regulations on payment transparency that may require us to disclose competitively sensitive business information or which may cause us to violate the non-disclosure laws of other countries; and• government actions to cancel contracts, redenominate official currency, waive or default on obligations, unilaterally renegotiate terms, or expropriate assets." "Environmental Protection through Responsible Stewardship." ExxonMobil. Np, 2013.Web.07Apr.2014..