Bullying is an ongoing problem that is harmful to the bully and especially the victim. Multiple negative effects arise from participation in bullying activities. While there is no direct solution to this problem, there are ways to reduce bullying in schools and understand it more thoroughly. Some variables increase or decrease the chance of being attacked by a bully. Demographic differences are crucial to understanding bullying. It can determine who is most likely to be targeted and who is least likely. Another important variable to study is the type of bullying taking place. I'm focusing on cyberbullying versus traditional bullying. As technology has increased over the years, there is evidence to support that cyberbullying is becoming the ideal place to take part in bullying activities. One point on which there is little or no research is the moral disengagement between the individual and the class. Moral disengagement has four useful mechanisms for measuring this point. Finally, peer support and the effects of bullying will be discussed. Peer support has the opportunity to reduce bullying and create a rigorous bullying-free atmosphere, while effects deal with the emotional and physical effects that can result from bullying behavior. Demographic Differences Demographics are quantitative statistics that measure participants' selves. The demographic characteristics measured are gender, age, parental marital status, and family income. Most studies hypothesize that girls will have higher levels of emotional bullying, but the findings and data suggest otherwise. Franks, Rawana, and Brownlee (2013) find that more boys are victims and bullies of emotional bullying than girls, but Turkmen et al...... half of the paper......20% (Moore et al., 2011 ) and 29% (Menesini et al., 2011) of participants reported being victims of cyber bullying more than three times a week. From these two studies we can conclude that cyberbullying occurs more frequently against the same victim than traditional bullying. Individual vs. Class Most studies focus on the targeted individual rather than the class as a whole. Pozzoli, Gina and Vieno (2012) proposed their hypothesis to test whether individual or class moral disengagement are related to bullying. Moral disengagement occurs when an individual believes that normal standards do not apply to him (Pozzoli, Gina & Vieno (2012). They measured bullying behavior with four moral disengagement mechanisms that included cognitive restructuring, victim blaming , minimizing his role as an agent and disregarding the consequences.
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