The argument of this essay asks the question: Should the Qing Dynasty be considered Chinese? Scholars of “New Qing history” argue that the Manchu rulers maintained their ethnic identities and thus the Manchu-centered Qing were fundamentally different from previous Chinese dynasties. However, I support the thesis that the Qing dynasty was a true Chinese dynasty and their success through sinicization. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty were legitimate Chinese dynasties because, like the previously adopted Han, they also claimed to be the "Son of Heaven". The rulers called themselves “Emperor” and adopted the Han bureaucracy to rule the empire. The Qing placed their capital in the Chinese homeland. The Manchus moved in an attempt to settle. The Qing operated just like the Ming when it came to politics, from the bureaucracy to the political divisions of the provinces to the mandarin squares used to denote the ranks of officials. It was not uncommon for Manchu and Han to mix. Another reason why the Qing were Chinese was the Imperial Jade Seal. The Qing emperors created numerous imperial seals to diminish the significance of the imperial jade seal. They did this because they feared that if found, it would lead to rebellion against their rule as Chinese emperors. Whoever controlled the seal was said to have the Mandate of Heaven, this was called "The Heirloom Seal". If they were part of a “Manchurian” empire, then they couldn’t have cared less about a jade seal used by the Han Chinese. Above all, the Qing rulers considered themselves the true rulers of China. They were simply from another ethnic group. Both of these ethnic groups are part of the "Chinese" ethnicity, which makes them and their dynasty. The Qing were the first to consider themselves a Chinese nation. If the dynasty was not Chinese, then no dynasty is Chinese for these reasons: The Qing were the first to make modern territorial treaties. Starting with the Treaty of Nerchinsk they referred to themselves in Chinese, as well as in every subsequent treaty. The rise of nationalism in the Qing Dynasty led to it becoming the first dynasty to have a Chinese flag and national anthem. The Qing also called their emperor “Chinese” and referred to Manchuria as “Chinese territory.” Emperors described their dynastic expansion as Chinese conquests. The concept that some dynasties were more “Chinese” was not a concept born in China. It is an American concept derived from the idea of Eastern depositism. He saw them as unique rather than non-Chinese. China's current position is that it is a multi-ethnic nation, just as the Qing saw themselves as a multi-ethnic nation.
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