Research and surveys are being conducted to understand what can improve organizational performance, and the obvious link is individual performance. Performance more generally is defined as a function of ability and motivation. However, to motivate staff it is important to have an effective performance management system. In order to provide rewards to staff it is essential to have adequate benchmarks to measure performance. The literature in this area has highlighted the importance of having formal evaluation systems which can be in the form of self-evaluation or 360-degree evaluation, top-down, bottom-up, etc. The above mechanism allows managers to scientifically evaluate and then provide appropriate rewards and incentives to staff, be they monetary or non-monetary
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