As stated above, conformity changes an individual's beliefs and behavior to fit groups, and while obedience often requires punishment and reward, other studies suggest that "a individual… confronted with a recognized legitimate authority, will behave in the direction of that authority's expectations” (Pascual et al., 2013) without long-term effects on behavior or beliefs Sherif (as cited by Myers, 2014) found in his norm formation studies that the group norm lasted even a year after the initial experiments, while Milgram (as cited by Myers, 2014) found that the physical proximity of the authority figure was a predictor of obedience in that obedience decreased the further the authority figure was physically removed. Although compliance and obedience are not completely different, compliance obedience can be interchangeable when the hierarchy is seen as a group with which individuals can identify. Reicher, Haslam, and Smith (2012) argue that Milgram's (1965, 1974) famous obedience experiment is not simply blind obedience but individuals identifying with the authority figure and conforming to expected norms. In some cases, when individuals felt that the authority figure's beliefs were dissimilar to their own, they immediately distanced themselves from the authority figure..