Yevette CollierTerm 2 FTZACUTATE KIDNEY FAILUREInstructor Michelle Earixson-Lamothe05/12/2013Explain the pathophysiology of acute kidney failure. Include pre-renal, intra-renal and post-renal causes. In the human body there are two kidneys which are predominant component organs that transport wastes and other unwanted chemical toxins out of the bloodstream. When the kidneys stop working, all the waste goes back into the body causing various diseases. Kidney failure is one of the many diseases that occur. This usually happens due to the impotence of the nephron in the kidneys which maintain fluid balance, electrolytes, and acid-base balance; expel nitrogen waste products; and act on regulatory functions such as maintaining bone calcification and erythropoietin production, cannot maintain homeostasis according to Timby B & Smith N (2010). There are two types of acute and chronic renal failure. I'm going to delve deeper into the most common type of acute kidney failure. Acute renal failure Acute renal failure is characterized by a sharp and rapid decrease in kidney function, but is usually reversible. Pre-renal, intra-renal and post-renal are three general categories that cause acute renal failure.1. Acute prerenal renal failure occurs when a sudden and severe decrease in blood pressure (shock) or (renal hypoperfusion) an interruption of blood flow to the kidney due to a serious injury or disease (Urinary power point, 2013). According to Williams & Wilkins (2008) in prerenal ARF there is nothing wrong with the kidney itself. Impaired renal blood flow may result from hemorrhage; third spacing, E; primary renal artery stenosis or anything that reduces systemic blood pressure, severe blood loss, or volume depletion…halfway through the paper…several times a week. • Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdomen, called the peritoneal membrane, to filter blood. This dialysis treatment can be used at home when using continuous peritoneal dialysis. • Kidney transplant is a surgical treatment for end-stage renal disease. Typically these transplants are obtained from deceased donors, which are limited and require a close blood type and tissue match (preferably a twin or family member). Graft rejection occurs when the transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue. Graft rejection can be reduced by determining molecular similarity between donor and recipient and by the use of immunosuppressive drugs after transplantation. What are the short-term nursing goals and long-term nursing goals for a client with acute renal failure??