typically spend more than a decade awaiting an execution. Meanwhile, prisoners are isolated from other inmates, excluded from prison education and employment programs, and severely restricted in visits and exercise, spending up to 23 hours a day alone in their cells. This raises the question of whether prisoners on death row are receiving two distinct punishments: the death sentence itself and years living in conditions equivalent to solitary confinement. Furthermore, unlike prisoners in the general population, even in solitary confinement, prisoners live in constant uncertainty about when they will be executed. For some death row inmates, this isolation and anxiety translates into a marked deterioration in their mental capacity