The laboratory had an influential impact on nineteenth-century medicine. He has seen technological advances such as the microscope that allows the observation of cells and microorganisms and how tiny cells form and appear. The practice of medicine allowed hospitals to seek advice and improve diagnosis through the study of body parts and body functioning, such as the study and discovery of the digestive system. By the end of the nineteenth century, education advanced with students having to pass laboratory tests before attending hospitals for clinical training in many parts of Europe. What that period saw was the grace of abundance and the change from theory to fact through careful observation and experimentation. The practice of medicine was radically changed by the laboratory in the nineteenth century. The use of the laboratory allowed professionals to provide precise diagnoses and treatments in areas such as bacteriology. Louis Pasteur from France injected animals with a weak strain of a disease bacterium and created vaccinations from his studies in the laboratory and animal tests showed positive results. Animal experimentation was the only time a doctor could “…achieve true medical science” (Source Book 2, p.68) observed physiologist Claude Bernard in an 1865 essay. Although Pasteur did research on rare diseases like anthrax, it paved the way for doctors like Robert Koch who discovered the tuberculosis bacteria which in this period was one of the leading causes of death of the time. These discoveries lead to testing vaccine therapies against tuberculosis and allow the treatment of the disease. The creation of these vaccines to aid medical practice was greatly improved by the study of the microorganisms that cause...... middle of paper ......y in Europe 1800-1930: A Source Book, Manchester: Manchester University Press, extract 4.4, pp.81-85• Brunton, D. (ed.) (2004), Health, Disease and Society in Europe 1800-1930: A Source Book, Manchester: Manchester University Press, extract 4.5, pp. 85-89• Jacyna, LS. (2004) 'The Localization of Disease', in Brunton, D. (ed.) Medicine Transformed: Health, Disease and Society in Europe 1800-1930, Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp.1-30.• Mommd: Connecting Women in Medicine (2012), “Looking back over the story of women in medicine”, available at http://www.mommd.com/lookingback.shtml (accessed 29 February 2012)• Porter, R. (1999) The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present, London: Fontana Press, pp380-582.• The Open University (2004), A218 Plate Book for Book 2, Milton Keynes, L'Università Aperta