The Representation of Women in the Media Redbook magazine is dedicated to selling products ranging from shoes to shampoo. The entire magazine only has 210 pages. About 6-8 minutes of each half-hour television program are produced by advertising agencies. Americans are bombarded with advertising. We see them every day in many different forms and through different mediums. Advertisers study the American population through a systematic breakdown and analysis of our likes and dislikes in relation to our differences. These differences include gender, sexual orientation, economic status, location, race, ethnicity and more. Advertisers have an in-depth understanding of what appeals to each of these demographics and how they will respond to different stimuli (e.g. audio visual, etc.) as well as where advertising will be most effective. In other words, advertisers find it more advantageous to target specific audiences (Furnham; Mak, 1999). One of the central audiences that advertisers focus their attention on are women. Being such an important part of society, American women are targeted along with every other group. Ads placed where women are most likely to see them are tailored specifically for women. The studies give advertising agencies a precise idea of what they need to show women to convince them to buy their product and brand. If these advertisements can improve a woman's mood, her increased euphoria will be subliminally linked to the stimulus (the advertisement). This, in turn, will have a positive effect on their attitude towards the product and brand (Simpson; Horton, 1996). There are several popular strategies both on television and in magazines, many of which involve images of men. Advertisers use images of men alone or in a variety of positions and settings to attract women. By far, the most common image of men in advertising is that of the “young, white, able-bodied, staunchly heterosexual” man (Jackson, 1994). The huge sum that companies spend on advertising is proof of this; these ads sell products. It should be noted that all of the TV commercials analyzed in this article come from the Lifetime network between 1pm and 3pm. The slogan of this network is "One life: television for women". Fundamental gender differences Studies conducted on normal and brain-damaged individuals have shown associations between gender and neuralgic activity...... half of the article... ...Dennis A. ; Cornish, Ian M. “Conservatism and Gender in the Perception of Sex Roles in Television Advertising.” Perceptual and motor skills. 1993, vol. 77, p642.Melvin, Thomas E.; Treiber, Linda A. “Race, Gender, and Status: A Content Analysis of Print Advertising in Four Popular Magazines.” Sociological spectrum. July-September 2000, vol. 20, issue 3, p357.Meyers-Levy, Joan. “Gender differences in cortical organization: social and biochemical antecedents and consequences.” Ed. Eddie M. Clark et al. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994. Prakash, Ved. “Sex Roles and Advertising Preferences.” Journal of Advertising Research. May/June 1992, vol. 32, issue 3, p43.Simpson, Penny M.; Horton, Steve. “Male Nudity in Advertising: A Modified Replication and Extension of Gender and Product Effects.” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences. Summer 1996, vol. 24, issue 3, p257.Stern, Barbara B.; Holbrook, Morris B. “Gender and Gender in the Interpretation of Advertising Text.” Gender issues and consumer behavior. Ed. Janeen Arnold Costa. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1994. Sutherland, Max. Advertising and the Consumer Mind. St Leonards:, 1993.
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