1. INTRODUCTION Flood is defined as “water covering normally dry land”. 1 It is a natural process, but it can be intensified by human activities.2 Thirteen out of twenty megacities in the world are located along coastlines 3 (Fig. 1) and more than 600 million people worldwide live less than ten meters above sea ​​level.4 Due to the fact that coastal regions tend to be so densely populated, flooding events can be catastrophic.31.1 General causes of floodingThere are three main causes of flooding.2 Storm surges are larger than usual waves , which occur during stormy events such as tropical cyclones due to strong onshore winds, low barometric pressures, and increased wave heights. Tsunamis are “large waves generated by a sudden disturbance of the sea surface”1, which can cause significant flooding in coastal regions.1 Sea level rise is an increase in average ocean levels largely due to climate change .1 Estimates suggest that sea levels continue to rise over time, however predicting the extent of change is not accurate and is therefore highly controversial.4, 61.2 Projected sea level rise According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) , sea level has risen at an average rate of 1.7 ± 0.5 mm per year since the beginning of the 20th century.7 However, these changes have not been constant.7 From 1961 to 2003, the average rate has been 1.8 ± 0.5 mm per year and from 1993 to 2003, these rates increased to 3.1 ± 0.7 mm per year.7 In the 2007 IPCC report, the rise in sea ​​level would fluctuate between 0.18 and 0.59 meters by 2100 8, but new research indicates that ocean levels could rise by more than a meter in that time.9 These projections are about three times higher to those made from half the sheet of paper… what is to come.36 Glaciers and ice sheets will continue to melt, and immediate barriers can only help so long.365. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, flooding events pose a dangerous hazard to coastal communities.1 These events are further exacerbated by sea level rise.1 Sea level rise is largely due to the warming climate, which causes thermal expansion of the oceans, melting of polar ice caps and glaciers, and loss of ice from major ice sheets.6, 11, 15 Current research suggests that sea levels could rise by more than one meter by 2100.9 The consequences of future sea level rise could be catastrophic for populations and infrastructure14 located on the coasts of North America, such as Florida, New York20 and Vancouver.21 To cope, we can attempt to mitigate climate change through long-term strategies , or we can try to adapt through immediate measures. 30, 31