The first attempt was Lincoln's Reconstruction and Amnesty Plan or the “Ten Percent” Plan. The aim was to readmit the former rebel states only if they abided by certain rules and completed certain tasks: the former rebel states had to emancipate the slaves and ten percent of the voting population had to swear loyalty to the US radical Republicans. as if Lincoln's plan was too lenient towards the South, so the Wade-Davis bill, which simply outlines stricter and stricter requirements for readmission, was passed, and with Lincoln's pocket veto. But after Lincoln's assassination by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater, Andrew Johnson took over and led the reconstruction efforts. Johnson's reconstruction plan, which was the second attempt at reconstruction, was slightly different and slightly harsher; states had to ratify the 13th Amendment, Confederate debt was repudiated, and Confederate leaders were disenfranchised. However, disenfranchised leaders could request pardons from the president. Southern opposition to the reconstruction plan pushed former rebel states to pass the “Black Codes.” These “black codes” limited the rights and behaviors of African Americans, forcing them into indentured labor. This triggered segregation and violence; riots began everywhere