Index INTRODUCTIONARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS AND KNOWLEDGE BASED (KBS)MANAGEMENT OF HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES FOR CONVENIENCECONTROL OF HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES FROM A REMOTE POSITIONEFFICIENT USE OF HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCESSAFE HOMESAPPLICATION OF AI IN HOME AUTOMATIONCONCLUSION Home automation is on the horizon. It is an emerging technology and also a necessity of today. Over the last decade, numerous standards have been defined for household appliances. The main objectives of home automation are the control, management and coordination of household appliances in a convenient, effective and safe way. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get Original Essay On the other hand, artificial intelligence is evolving as a technology for developing automatic systems that can perceive the environment, learn from the environment, and create decision using case-based reasoning. Using vision ability, knowledge based, learning ability, decision making and reasoning, AI provides a better solution for almost all automatic systems. In this article we will see the types of home automation systems and then we will see how these systems can use artificial intelligence tools in order to increase effectiveness, power etc. Index Terms Home automation, artificial intelligence, knowledge base systems, safe home .INTRODUCTIONA definition of an automated, networked home is “An automated, networked home is one in which every household appliance can be operated remotely [1] from anywhere on the Internet with a simple Web browser” [2]-[5 ] The overall goal of the automatic home movement is to use network technology to integrate devices, appliances and services in homes so that the entire home living space can be controlled centrally or remotely [6 Home wiring, advanced home developers are installing, typically adds several thousand dollars to the cost of a new home, and is usually Ethernet or coaxial cable or a combination of both with other technologies in the mix. . The network was designed to make remote operation of devices connected to the network possible. Appliance management Remote control of appliances Efficient use of home resources Improve home security Convenient management includes automatic adjustment of AC (air conditioning) setting, setting of fan regulation, etc. Remote control services include accessing devices from a remote location and setting them ON/OFF. Efficient use includes operating appliances in their optimal setting (setting where we achieve the required output at the minimum cost). The last category of services includes all those services used to protect the home environment. In this paper we will see the implementation of all these categories of services one by one and see the application of artificial intelligence techniques in the implementation. In Section II we will look very briefly at the artificial intelligence techniques and the knowledge-based system. Section III deals with issues related to home automation. In Sections IV, V, VI and VII we covered the detailed implementation of the home automation system implementation systems developed for the services listed here. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND KNOWLEDGE BASEDSYSTEMS (KBS) AI is the set of powerful and rigorous programming techniques that study the nature of intelligence by building computer systems and the application of these concepts in solving real-world problems [7]. Growthin the fields of artificial intelligence has increased significantly compared to the last decade. There are numerous AI tools that make an automation system more sophisticated, but here we will discuss knowledge-based systems only if used frequently. Knowledge-based system: Knowledge-based system (KBS) [8] is an AI-based system that contains a significant amount of knowledge in explicit and declarative form. KBS's development area has matured over the past two decades. It started with first generation expert systems with a single flat knowledge base and a general reasoning engine, typically built in a rapid prototyping manner. This has now been replaced by methodological approaches that bear many similarities to general software engineering practice. KBS development is best viewed as software engineering for a particular class of application problems. These application problems typically require some form of reasoning to produce the required results. In current business practice there is an increasing need for such systems, due to the progression of information A. Services Provided by Comfortab Home Automation System A home automation system provides a large number of services which can be broadly classified into the following four categories: technology in our daily work. Regarding home automation, knowledge-based systems can provide the basis for storing user preferences and managing home appliances accordingly. PRELIMINARIES If we talk about home automation, there are three main issues: How to connect appliances and appliances How to make two appliances communicate with each other How to control and manage appliances As regards the first topic, a series of standards have been developed to interconnect devices and devices in a network domestic devices in order to make their management much simpler and more convenient. Summarized from [9] to [14] below are the main network technologies used to connect devices in the home environment: Direct cable connection Bluetooth connection Ethernet telephone line Radio (free) Network AC mains So we can connect all the devices homes by selecting any of the network technologies mentioned above. In addition to connecting devices, the second question regarding home automation is "how to make two devices communicate with each other". To handle this problem, numerous standards have been developed. Summarized from [10], [15]-[20] there are the following leading communication technologies in the home environment: UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) devices X-10 based devices Infrared devices Bluetooth devices IP based devices. All these technologies are well mature and have well-defined standards. But we will leave it out in this article because it is not of our interest. Now let's move on to the third question, namely "how to manage and control household appliances", which is the question that interests us. This problem can be handled in two ways. First, using traditional digital and microprocessor-based systems as discussed in [13], [17], [19]. The second method is to use the sophisticated processing of artificially intelligent agents. If we consider the first choice, then it is a little more common, but at the expense of time efficiency and feature limitations. On the other hand, AI-based technique provides more efficient and detailed services such as easy video and audio processing, simple reasoning, etc. In this article we will focus on the third issue of home automation, namely the management of household appliances and, in particular,the control of household appliances based on artificial intelligence. and management. APPLIANCE MANAGEMENT FOR COMFORT As discussed in Section I, the first service a user expects from the home automation system is convenient device management. For example, the air conditioning regulator setting depends on the room temperature. As the temperature increases, the AC regulation power (hence the cooling rate) must also be increased. This class of services is the simplest among all types of services and has the structure shown in Fig. 2.Fig. 2. Typical home automation system structure designed for user convenience. Some characteristics of such systems are: These are closed loop systems Sensors are transducers and other mechanisms for sensing the current proximity condition, such as sensing ambient temperature. Actuators are simply the mechanism to modify the environment based on the control signals received from the knowledge base. The knowledge base (KB) is the centralized part of the system and is the main part to be discussed here. This KB system can be implemented using simple digital circuits as discussed in [17] or using microprocessor systems as discussed in [11], but both suffer from the manual setup problem. In both systems the user must decide and change the threshold setting every time there is a change in the environment. For example, in summer the air conditioning is used to lower the temperature while in winter the same is used to raise the temperature. Therefore, the user must change the setting when the season changes because the system cannot learn from his experience. But by using the KB system with learning capabilities, the system can adjust the threshold setting as it gains experience in its environment. For this system we need a KB system that can learn from experience "what is the comfortable temperature" for home users and can adjust the AC controller and fan setting accordingly. CONTROL OF HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES FROM A REMOTE LOCATION The second functionality provided by the home automation system is remote access to devices and their management. For example, let's say you are driving home and it will take 20 minutes to reach your house. Now, you want to turn on the air conditioning so that when you get home you find your house at a comfortable temperature. In such a scenario you need to access your home appliances and also control them from a remote location. The typical structure of a home automation system for this type of service is shown in Fig. 3.Fig. 3. Typical structure of the home automation system designed for remote management of home devices Below are the main points to consider about this class of systems: The Authorizer and Receiver is an electronic system capable of receiving the control signal. As discussed in Section II, there are numerous such systems, any of which can be used for this purpose. One important thing about this system is that it requires an authorization mechanism to ensure that the request is authorized. For this purpose we can use some cryptographic techniques to encode and decode the request so that only the authorized user can access the network. The decision system is an AI-based agent that can decide what action should be taken in response to the received query. For example, let's say the user simply requested that the room temperature should be x0c. Now, this is the decision maker who will identify from his experience that the air conditioning will maintain this temperature. Sowill determine the AC regulator setting corresponding to this particular temperature. Of course, the same system can be implemented by some electronic circuitry, but it will be more complex, less flexible and less feature-rich than this learning-based (case-based) AI agent system. The third component of this system i.e. Actuator is similar to the action implementer in the previous system. So, we won't discuss anything about that here. EFFICIENTLY USING HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES This home automation system application is not as common as the two applications discussed. But, on the other hand, if the automation system is applied in the industrial environment, it becomes the most important and advantageous feature of the automation system. For example, let's say the air conditioning in your office (or room) is on but you haven't been in your room for the past three hours. So why is the air conditioning still on? This is just a waste of power. As already mentioned, this waste of energy is not much in the case of household appliances, but in industries energy saving is one of the main factors in reducing costs. So, to implement this we need a system that can TURN OFF the air conditioning if it detects that there is no person there at the last significant moment. We said the word "significant" here because the exact time cannot be determined and depends on the scenario (as in the bedroom, the air conditioning should turn off if there is no one for an hour, while in the living room waiting the air conditioning should turn off when there is no person in the last two hours). In such a scenario, we should have an automation system that can continuously polarize the environment and decide the appropriate action when necessary. These systems should be fast enough to ensure responsiveness and effectiveness.Fig. 4 shows the typical structure of the system capable of providing this class of services. The operation of the system components is as follows: The status poller continuously detects environmental conditions and forwards the detected condition factors to the analyzer and knowledge-based database. The analyzer receives the current environmental condition from the poller and with the help of the basic database knowledge analyzes the change in the environment. Now, depending on the change, the Analyzer provides instructions to the Actuator. Again the actuator is similar to the actuator discussed in the previous sections.Fig. 4. Typical structure of the home automation system designed to optimize the use of resources. The main differentiating factor of this system from the previously discussed systems is that this one is sequential while the previous one was atomic, because in this system the action to be taken depends on the present and previous environmental conditions. SAFE HOMES The last major application provided by the home automation system is providing home security. This is the most complex home automation system and the structure is shown in Fig. 5.Fig. 5. Typical structure of an AI-based safe house. The description of how the system works is as follows: Security sensors detect the environment to identify any security threats. The analyzer and synthesizer analyze the data received from the sensors and filter out any security threats. If it detects a security threat, it sends sufficient information to the reasoning system. The reasoning system applies reasoning to detect whether the security threat is indeed a threat, if so it activates the security alert system to alert the user of this security threat by the analyzer. This analyzer is the same one used in the second phase but of a different nature,.