Just six weeks premature, thanks to a C-section Sam was born. It requires the respiratory system and oxygen for breathing at the time of delivery. Sam's Apgar score after being on oxygen for one minute was 5, his score rose to 8 after five minutes. His premature birth kept Sam in the hospital for seventy-two hours before he could go home. Roberto and Jane were Sam's parents, they lived in a rural area and had very few friends; yet they have family living near them. The medical report clearly indicates that Jane occasionally consumed alcohol during her pregnancy, with an increase in the third trimester, this occurred after her husband (Roberto) was fired from his job. The maternity leave Jane received from her job was 12 weeks, however she is considering returning to work sooner. Jane's mother offered to stay with her temporarily to help them for a while. Jane's cortisol levels were elevated due to alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay High cortisol levels can be very harmful to the growing fetus, this can lead to miscarriages or the need for an abortion. The effects of high cortisol levels have been found to impact the fetus such as; the need for an abortion, slow development and growth of the fetus, too low birth weight, attention problems as the child grows, psychopathology, and other adult illnesses that may be chronic (Field & Diego, 2008) . Jane's cortisol levels being too high during pregnancy explain the fussiness Sam is experiencing. Sam may have Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) due to Jane's heavy drinking during her pregnancy; However, there have been studies that clearly state that exposure to alcohol during pregnancy could result in the appearance of alcohol-related brain and behavioral abnormalities, but FASD is not normally diagnosed as these abnormal facial features are not shown (Warren & Foudin). There is insufficient evidence to diagnose FASD with Sam. There is research that clearly shows the many health problems that premature babies are at risk of having after birth by cesarean section (Berk, 2018). These newborns require more oxygen care than normal births (Kamath et al, 2009 and Yakov et al, 2006). After Sam's premature birth and caesarean section there may be a connection between his underdeveloped lungs, this would explain the reasons why he struggles and has difficulty with breathing. I think the amount of stress Jane and Roberto feel as new parents is high; then on top of that they are struggling financially, with Roberto having been fired from his job and Jane on leave from work due to her pregnancy. In the United States, when a woman takes maternity leave, the pay is only ¾ of her normal wage (Geissler, 2005). According to Berk, “premature and economically disadvantaged infants require intensive intervention, and that intervention includes parent education sessions along with medical follow-up” (Berk, 2018). After reading the entire case file, I noticed that nowhere did it indicate that Jane and Roberto attended childbirth or parenting classes, or that they referenced books about children. Jane and Roberto should seek support from their family and also from their friends, especially friends who have experience, they should also seek support from professionals such as social workers or doctors. Jane's mother's offer to allow.