In the 1940s, two doctors from different countries observed children who showed similar behaviors and deficits. One of the doctors was the Viennese pediatrician Dr. Hans Asperger and the other was a child psychiatrist named Leo Kanner. Dr. Kanner was the first of the two doctors to report his observations. What he described were behaviors similar to those seen in children with what we call autistic disorder. The behaviors influenced children's communication, social interaction and interests. Dr. Asperger later published an article discussing what he called “Autistische Psychpathen im Kindesalter” which translates to “Autistic Psychopathy.” Although some behaviors overlapped, there were differences that led one to believe that these physicians were documenting two different disorders. The two most prevalent were differences in motor and language skills (Miller, Ozonoff). Another was Asperger's belief that his patients were of normal or above-average intelligence. It was only in 1994 that Asperger syndrome was included in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV), finally becoming an official diagnosis. At the time, Asperger syndrome (AS) was labeled as a subcategory of autism along with autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder. Since then, the community of people with Asperger syndrome has learned to better love and understand the disorder they live with every day. Some of them even affectionately called themselves “Aspies.” The cause of AS is still very unknown. Children with Asperger's syndrome begin to show signs as early as one to two years old; however, the diagnosis is rarely made until later, usually around the age of... middle of paper... spectrum orders such as AS. Many of the sources used in composing this article refer to the belief that autism is a form of “extreme male brain,” an exaggeration of male traits caused by high levels of testosterone while in utero. Despite the disparity between the sexes, there are girls who struggle with this disorder and often experience more severe symptoms than their male counterparts (Rudacille). Treatment of ASControversial changes to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V) have recently been made and have been the subject of heated discussions in the psychiatric world. The most recent Fifth Edition (DSM V) was released with changes that now group all of the subcategories of Autism into one. Some community members see this change as a personal attack on their identity, while others welcome the change.