 Definition of Liniments: Liniments are oily solutions or alcoholic solotions or emulsions and these preparations are liquid or semi-liquid intended for external (topical) application on the skin applied by rubbing on the affected area Liniments they are used to treat pain and stiffness of the underlying muscle. Liniments are also known as Embrocation due to the form of application: rubbing the area of ​​pain. The texture of the liniment offers ease of use and massage due to its oil or soap base. Types of LinimentsThere are two main categories of liniments based on the vehicle used in the preparation depending on the desired action.1. Alcoholic liniment: (Linimenta spirituosa) Alcoholic liniments are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic based. Alcoholic liniments are divided into: a) alcoholic liniment (Linimenta spirituosa) include in their preparation alcohol, as well as medicinal substances and often liqueurs (brandy peppers) b) alcoholic soap (Sapolnimenta) include in their preparation a medium alcoholic solution in soap dispersion . They can appear in the form of jelly in the case of sodium-containing soap or liquid in the case of potassium-containing soap. two of the main characteristics of alcohol and soap liniment are that when rubbed into the skin, it could cause sebum emulsion, and it quickly dissolves into the skin with the medicinal substances contained in it. Alcoholic liniments in general are used for their penetrating, anti-irritant, rubefacient action and for their slightly astringent effects.2. Oily liniment: This type of liniment is mainly used for massage despite its gentle action. Oily liniments are less irritating to the skin than alcoholic liniments keeping in mind the ingredients included in the preparation. Oleagino...... middle of paper ......:When formulating liniments, the vehicle used in the preparation must be chosen based on the type of action desired, whether it is massage, anti-irritant or rubefacient action . Liniments are formulated by the general methods of formulating liquid dosage forms such as solutions, emulsions or suspensions. Example: Ingredients for White Liniments Official Formula Oleic Acid 85ml Turpentine Oil 250ml used as a counterirritant Ammonia Solution 45ml used to provide an alkaline medium Ammonium Chloride 12.5g (active ingredient) Purified Water 625ml used as the primary solvent Procedure :1. Add the oleic acid to the turpentine oil and mix.2. Dilute the ammonia solution in 45 ml of previously heated water.3. Add the products from the first and second steps and stir to form an emulsion4. Dissolve ammonium chloride in water5. Add the ammonium chloride solution to the emulsion.