Topic > White Settlers and Native Americans - 1863

As white settlers poured through the mountains, the Cherokee once again sought to make up for themselves with territory gained in war with a neighboring tribe. This time their intended victim was the Chickasaw, but this was a mistake. Anyone who tried to take anything from the Chickasaw regretted it if they survived. After eleven years of sporadic warfare ending with a major defeat at Chickasaw Oldfields (1769), the Cherokee surrendered and began exploring the possibility of new alliances to resist the whites. Both the Cherokee and the Creek participated in the 1770 and 1771 meetings with the Ohio tribes at Sciota but did not participate in Lord Dunnmore's War (1773-74) because the disputed territory was not theirs. On the eve of the American Revolution, the British government rushed to appease the colonists and negotiate treaties with the Cherokees by ceding land already taken from them by white settlers. To this end, all means were employed, including bribery and extortion: Treaty of Lochaber (1770); and the Treaty of Augusta (1773) ceding 2 million acres in Georgia to pay debts to white traders. For the same reasons as the Iroquois Cession of Ohio in 1768, the Cherokee sought to protect their homeland from white settlement by selling lands they did not actually control. In the Treaty of Watonga (1774) and the Treaty of Overhill Cherokee (Sycamore Shoals) (1775), they sold all of eastern and central Kentucky to the Transylvania Land Company (Henderson Purchase). Although these agreements constituted a clear violation of existing rules under British law, they were later used to justify the American takeover of the region. The Shawnee also claimed these lands but, of course, were never consulted. With the Iroquois selling Shawnee lands north of Ohio, and the Cherokee selling Shawnee lands to the south, where could they go? Not surprisingly, the Shawnee remained and fought the Americans for 40 years. Both the Cherokee and the Iroquois were fully aware of the problem they were creating. After signing, a Cherokee chief is said to have taken Daniel Boone aside to say, "We've sold you a lot of nice land, but I'm afraid you'll have trouble if you try to live there.".."