Condition definition: Chronic pain is described as long-lasting pain that people experience beyond a normal healing time (Hasenbring, Rusu & Turk, 2012). This period usually occurs up to three to six months before the accident (Hasenbring, Rusu & Turk, 2012). Chronic back pain may include the common diagnoses of muscle spasms, back strain, or myophasic syndrome (Weiner & Nordin, 2010). There are three different types of chronic back pain; simple musculoskeletal back pain, spinal nerve root pain, and severe spinal pathology (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). (Hasenbring, 2012) Causes/etiology: There is evidence that a number of anatomical structures such as bones, intervertebral discs, muscles, ligaments, joints and neural structures cause back pain (Hoy, Brooks, Blyth & Buchbinder, 2010). Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a condition believed to cause chronic back pain (Weiner & Nordin, 2010). It occurs when there is an extrusion of disc material into the surrounding tissue (Weiner & Nordin, 2010). Abnormal stress on ligaments, muscles, and mechanoreceptors is also suggested to contribute to back pain (Weiner & Nordin, 2010). The root cause of chronic back pain has not been identified, but many problems that are believed to contribute to chronic back pain have been suggested. Symptoms: Simple musculoskeletal back pain has symptoms of pain in the lumbosacral area of ​​the back (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). The upper thighs and knees are also known to be affected (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). This pain is usually described as a dull ache (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). Spinal nerve root pain is localized down the leg and usually continues below the knee and into the feet (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). It was d......middle of paper......Statistics. (2006). Musculoskeletal conditions in Australia: a snapshot, 2004-2005. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4823.0.55.001/Hasenbring, M. I., Rusu, A. C., & Turk, D. C. (2012). From acute to chronic back pain: risk factors, mechanisms and clinical implications: Oxford: OUP Oxford.Hoy, D., Brooks, P., Blyth, F., & Buchbinder, R. (2010). The epidemiology of low back pain. Best practices and research in clinical rheumatology, 24, 769-781. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.berh.2010.10.002 Jackson, M. A., & Simpson, K. H. (2006). Chronic back pain. Continuing education in anesthesia, critical care and pain, 6(4), 152-155. http://dx.doi: 10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkl029Weiner, S.S. & Nordin, M. (2010). Prevention and management of chronic back pain. Best practices and research in clinical rheumatology, 24, 267-279. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.berh.2009.12.001