The civil rights movement brought many accomplishments to African Americans, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. The key issues that African Americans fought for they were the right to vote, integration and racial equality. They were tired of the discrimination and humiliation they received because of the segregation laws imposed on them. “State laws mandate racial separation in schools, parks, playgrounds, restaurants, hotels, public transportation, theaters, bathrooms, and so on” (Blumberg 40). Lawsuits had been attempted to obtain rights such as the failed Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 and the successful Brown v. Topeka Board of Education. Despite the Brown v. Topeka's Board of Education declared the "separate but equal" clause unconstitutional, de facto segregation continued in the South. In the 1960s, two methods were used: nonviolence and violence. Violence proved ineffective as it perpetuated social tensions between blacks and whites. Nonviolence was the most effective method of bringing about social change in America during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s because it attracted sympathy toward blacks, caused positive media attention, and promoted unity among African Americans. The use of violence during the Civil Rights Movement proved to be ineffective because it fostered social tensions between blacks and whites. The people who generated violence were mainly the Black Panthers who supported Black Power. Black Power called for nationality, unity, personal pride, self-defense, and separation from the white race (Blumberg 9). The idea of ​​separation of the white race competed with integration as Black Power wanted “African Americans to establish their own… middle of paper… Smith. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2010. ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. Network. May 27, 2011.Mark, Irving. Great Debates USA Morristown: Silver Burdett Company, 1969. Stephens, Otis H. Jr. John M. Scheb II. "Civil Rights Movement." Encyclopedia of American Civil Rights and Liberties: Volume 1, AG. Ed. John M. Scheb, KaraStooksbury, Otis H. Stephens. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2006. ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. Network. May 25, 2011.Ware, Leland. “Black Power Movement.” Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture. Ed. Jessie Carney Smith. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2010. ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. Network. May 26, 2011.Ware, Leland. "Carmichael Stokely (Kwame Ture) (1941-98), civil rights activist." Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture. Ed. Jessie Carney Smith. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2010. ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. Network. May 26 2011.