Introduction:The European Union (EU) has been as divisive as it has united Europe. Opinion polls conducted in countries such as the UK have shown that the EU is unpopular (YouGov 2011). However, the EU opened territorial borders and united Europe within a single monetary bloc. Euroscepticism is a wide-ranging belief that includes any criticism of the EU (McCormick 2011). He criticizes both the structure and policies of the EU. Solidarity is the concept that cultural homogeneity exists within a certain group of people (Jary and Jary 2000). Solidarity is "located... at the crossroads between 'freedom' and 'equality', between 'self-interest' and 'altruism'." (Ferrera 2008) Solidarity is known to occur within a state, as citizens share a uniform socioeconomic and political system. International solidarity can take two forms; transnational sovereignty and sovereignty of member states. Transnational sovereignty is the common sharing of an ideology within a population. Member State solidarity implies active participation and cooperation between nation states. The level of cooperation is higher than that of participation within an intergovernmental organization. This essay will illustrate solidarity within the EU. We will then analyze the impact of Euroscepticism on solidarity. This will examine how Euroscepticism has affected solidarity beyond nation-states. This essay will argue that solidarity is possible beyond the nation-state. Literature review: Many authors have examined solidarity within the European Union. Ferrera concludes that solidarity beyond the nation state has grown (2008). He bases this on a study of the EU and the growth of member states' sovereignty. Sangiovanni also examines the EU, concluding that the EU... middle of paper... countries; United Kingdom, Greece and Spain (Torreblanca, Leonard et al. 2013). But the vast majority of other European countries are moderately Eurosceptic (Torreblanca, Leonard et al. 2013). Conclusion: Solidarity is possible beyond the nation-state. The development of European institutions has consolidated solidarity within the European Union. European citizens have more commonalities with each other after European integration. Solidarity can be seen in Europe through numerous different examples, such as the European “welfare state” and the CFSP. This solidarity continues despite the rise of Euroscepticism. Euroscepticism is a challenge to solidarity, but a challenge that European solidarity can overcome. Eurosceptic elements of the community may persist into the indefinite future, but the European model has demonstrated that solidarity can exist beyond the nation-state.
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