Modernism was a cultural change in Western society that took hold between 1890 and 1930 (Childs 18). This movement was a reaction to the many changes of the time, including World War I, which caused unrest in Europe, where the once stable political and social world was destroyed (Ragusa 137). During this period, emerging modernist writers, filmmakers, and thinkers engaged with their audiences by connecting with them through their social experiences. Thanks to this, they were able to express new ways of thinking. Sigmund Freud was one of these modernist thinkers, who connected with his post-World War II audience through his focus on individualism, which was introduced into his theory of psychoanalysis and explored further in literature such as The Future of an Illusion (1927). Furthermore, Freud used an unscientific writing style, which is expressed in texts such as The Economic Problem of Masochism (1924). This made his ideas more engaging to his audience. While Freud carried out the modernization of psychology in Vienna, Luigi Pirandello explored modern theater in Italy. Pirandello engaged with his audiences by connecting to their insecurities about reality, which are explored in his play Six Characters in Search of an Author (1921). It also reflected their generally pessimistic attitude towards life, exemplified in Henry IV (1922). Expressing important and prevalent social experiences of the time, Freud and Pirandello effectively engaged their uncertain European audiences through their modernist works. The cultural shift towards modernism occurred simultaneously with the scientific foundation of modern disciplines such as psychology, psychiatry and psychoanalysis (Micale 1) . At the end of the 19th century, Viennese…… half of the paper……m (1924)”. The Ego and the Id and other works. The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud. Volume XIX. London: Hogarth Press, 1961: 155-170. Print.Kolsky, Stephen. "Luigi Pirandello." Lecture on European Modernism 9. The University of Melbourne, Melbourne. April 15, 2014. Lecture.Lang, Birgit. "The case of Vienna: between sexology and psychoanalysis". Lecture on European Modernism 4. The University of Melbourne, Melbourne. March 25, 2014. Lesson. Micale, Mark, ed. The Mind of Modernism: Medicine, Psychology, and the Cultural Arts in Europe and America, 1880-1940. California: Stanford University Press, 2004. Print. Pirandello, Luigi. Six characters in search of an author and other theatrical works. London: Penguin Books, 1995. Print.Stone, Jennifer. Pirandello's naked suggestion. The structure of repetition in modernism. New York: Logo Publisher, 1989. Print.