PMCs emerge throughout history as an inevitable result of changing world structure and technological development. This critical review examines Anna Leander's article on the paradox of deploying private military companies (PMCs) in Africa. The central question is how safety can be affected by the use of PMCs. Building on Leander's argument, this analysis argues that PMC is a double-edged sword that can be used to provide security as well as foment insecurity. The blurred boundaries between public and private and the ambiguous regulations of PMCs cannot be overlooked, therefore the use of PMC forces needs stronger regulation and a better system of cooperation with other national or international actors. The review will first analyze the reasons for using PMCs as a tool to support security in Africa, mainly based on Leander's views and partly on Singer's points. Then the review will analyze the factors that contribute to the negative side of PMCs, especially in the case of Darfur and in the case of Iraq. Leander recognizes the paradoxical situation faced by employing the forces of private military companies to solve security problems in Africa. As a matter of fact, the line between public and private security orders in weak African states has already been blurred (Leander, 2005, p.606). Private forces are inevitable actors in these African states, so on the one hand it is argued that encouraging PMCs in Africa is capable of restoring order. In the special case of weak African states, poor conditions and frequent conflicts require such a “force multiplier” as PMCs. Leader concludes with four reasons why PMCs should be considered for organizing chaos in Africa. First, PMCs are external forces capable of breaking cycles of violence in Africa (Leander, 2005, p.607). T...... half of the document ......ch PMCs have played an important role in many major combats, while PMCs bridge the gap between the US military and the local population and maintain reconstruction projects after the war, democratic issues must also be addressed considered. The hiring of PMCs mostly occurs directly through government and military forces, meaning that citizens can easily be excluded from the decision-making process when their money is spent to purchase military services, possibly, to invade another country. Therefore, to conclude, the emergence of PMCs as crucial roles in Africa is an inevitable course. Wars don't find PMCs, but PMCs find wars and sell themselves. They will be frequent players in the fighting who will be able to maintain and improve local security. On the contrary, to build a mature and safe system for PMCs, many more instability factors must be taken into consideration by international and national actors.
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