What is irony? Irony is a figure of speech in which the intended meaning is actually the opposite of what is expressed by the words used by the author. This technique is used to ridicule or mock a particular topic by expressing laudatory comments, but implying contempt and denigration. There are several examples of irony in Erich Maria Remarque's novel _Everything Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_, a realistic, yet fictional, account of a soldier's experience in an international war. Lighthearted irony quickly turns into dark satire with the use of dramatic irony, setting, and situational irony to mock the glorification of war and introduce reality. In dramatic irony, the audience knows what will happen, but the characters do not. The names of the characters in Remarque's novel have certain meanings related to what they experience. The first light and ironic tale is the name of Himmelstoss. "After a couple of days Himmeltoss approaches us. He has lost his temper since he has been in the trenches and wants to get on good terms with us" (137) Himmeltoss translates to "Heaven, spear". This representation is the symbol of Himelstoss being cast into reality. When Himmelstoss is beaten, readers show no mercy because they don't like it, even though it helps Paul survive. On the other hand, another character called "Leer groans while supporting himself on his arm, he is bleeding rapidly, no one can help him." (284) Leer's name jokingly stands for "to look longingly." However, his death is not funny at all and sympathy is shown for Leer, because he is Paul's friend. Finally, the irony of Paul's name comes from his death scene, in which he says: "I lift my eyes, let them move and... in the middle of the paper... ah something black crashes." oppresses us" (69). The coffin protects Paul, but at the same time it is a symbol of Paul's death. It represents relentless war and pointless fighting. Eventually Paul will be buried under many soldiers. This message is what Remarque tries to convey with this scene. Using these ironies, he alludes to how war is mentally devastating, senselessly violent, and will continue to continue. There is no end to wars. The satire that develops throughout the novel targets the war as a whole and questions its effects. Remarque uses several ironic examples and techniques to convey his sarcasm, including: dramatic irony, setting, and situational irony. Remarque's remarks about the war are used to ridicule and mock the war. Use irony to condemn and denigrate the act of sacrificing young individuals with great potential to war and violence between countries.
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