The first module focuses on external pressures on public administration. I learned about external forces on public administrators in Introduction to Public Administration and Managing Change in the 21st Century. While Introduction to Public Administration provided only a vague overview of external pressures, Managing Change provided more detail on how there are forces outside of government, including citizens, interest groups, and private sector companies, that will influence decision-making. These same courses also focused on pressures within organizations and government that will also impact the decision-making processes of public administrators. Budgeting is also a topic I have experience with. Budgeting in the public sector is completely different from budgeting in the private sector. Finally, my previous public administration courses emphasized the importance of expectations and performance improvement. Efficiency and effectiveness are goals that public administrators around the world should strive for