Spring 2014POS 353Islamic IdeologyPresented to Dr. Elie El HindyBy Jimmy Matar 2012-1972Introduction Throughout the 20th century, the rise of political Islam was one of the most important events. The Islamic religion is followed by more than 1.5 billion people in the world; however, for some it has become an ideological project. Because of the important role that political Islam plays in today's world, a careful examination of the roots of these ideologies, how they evolved into their current form, how they are similar or different from each other, as well to their prospects for today and the future, they will shed light on their actions and their way of thinking. Historical context In the 16th century there were three Islamic powers: the Ottoman Empire, the Central Asian Empire and the Mughal Empire. All three have disappeared from the face of the earth, leaving behind a multitude of Muslim aspirations yearning for the glories of the past. The Ottoman Empire disintegrated in 1922, the Central Asian Empire was conquered by the Russian Empire, and the last gasp of the Mughal Empire came in 1857 when their rebellion was defeated by the British. This caused the absence of a central state for the Islamic world. . There have been individual revolutions in different countries such as Omar Al Mukhtar in Libya, the Million Martyrs Revolution in Algeria... against Western colonization, but the strategic center of gravity had already shifted. The continuous military defeats of Arab countries against Israel (1948, 1967, and 1973) have caused a heavy burden on the psychology of Arab Muslims. These defeats confirmed the loss of Muslim power. This has led to abandoning the idea of ​​secularism and returning to engagement with Islam to recapture the previous… half-papers… led by the United States as legitimate targets for jihad. Salafists believe that “Muslims should emulate as much as possible the first three generations of Islam, defined as pious ancestors (al salaf al salih), in all areas of life” (Evans, 2011, 820). Although Salafists differ on the issue of jihad, apostasy, and priorities of activism, they firmly believe in the oneness of God and in following the rules of the Quran strictly so that the biases of human subjectivity and self-interest are eliminated. There are three main groups: purists who believe that they should use non-violent methods to spread education and purification, politicians who believe that Salafi beliefs should be implemented politically because God is the only legislative source, and jihadists who believe that change can only come from revolution and violence. Sufism