Behaviorists define learning as behavioral change. Learning involves forming associations between stimuli and responses. People are more likely to learn and exhibit behaviors that result in certain types of consequences. A student who has found an association between his own behavior, which would be the response, and the attention of his classmates or teachers, which would be the stimulus. Learning is more likely to occur when the stimuli and response occur in a close period of time. When two events occur at the same time, either two stimuli or a stimulus and a response, there is contiguity. An example of this would be if a teacher frowns at you while taking a test that has a low grade, your body tenses up, the next time the teacher frowns at you your body tenses up, this would be contiguity ( Ellis, 2013,