The Non-Jewish Individual Jewish history is a study of a people in exile. After the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, the experience of the Jewish individual in relation to non-Jewish society was often that of an outsider looking in. Furthermore, distinctive Jewish culture, religion, and philosophy have identifiably marked Jews as a separate people. Although this demarcation exposed Jews to many negative ideological tendencies, Isaac Deutscher's “The Non-Jewish Jew” argues that this marginalization allowed the great thinkers of the 19th and 20th centuries to revolutionize the European continent. As the title suggests, non-Jewish Jews were individuals who abandoned Judaism. Deutscher argues that historical exclusion has imbued Jews with the innate perspective of the outside critic. As individuals freed themselves from the ideological shackles of Judaism, this double marginalization provided the perspective of the extreme outsider. Once freed from the restrictions of Jewish and Christian ideology, they were then able to reinterpret society and develop theories that would revolutionize the world. Deutscher states that famous non-Jewish Jews such as Spinoza, Heine, Marx and others were representatives of this perspective. In essence, their independence from society allowed them to critique and radically change the ideological landscape of Europe in ways that other thinkers tied to Christian or Jewish ideology could not do. However, with an analysis of Deutscher's argument through Franz Kafka's "Report to the Academy" it becomes clear that his "non-Jewish Jews" were not only dependent on society, but, more importantly, were not actually Jews. Initially, " ... in the center of the sheet ... the subjects of Deutscher's work “The Non-Jewish Jew” are reflected and exhibited in Deutscher's work. His assertion that Jews have a special ability to analyze Critically, society because of their historical isolation supports the same race-based ideology that historical figures worked against. Furthermore, the association of Marx, Heine, and others with this racially determined independence from society fails to recognize theirs. deep connection to their non-Jewish culture. Therefore, through an analysis of Deutscher's work through the context of Kafka's "Report to the Academy", it becomes apparent that Deutscher undermines his argument by failing to appropriately assert relevance. of connecting historical figures with society and, above all, allowing racial inflections to manipulate his perspective towards the revolutionary individuals subjected to him.